Questions: What are the phases of mitosis and how long does each one take?

Procedure: To prepare for this project my group and I went to a website that showed us many details and facts on the phases of mitosis and what they looked like. Also it showed us an onion root tips cells going through the phases of mitosis through a microscope. Afterwards we took it upon ourselves to view an onion root tip underneath a microscope and observe/ record the different cells and the phases they were going through. After we had recorded all of our findings we then calculated the percentages of each phase contained in the cell and the amount of time it took each cell to get through such phases. We took our own information and added them into graphs on a frequently used website.

Claim:

The following are the times for According cell phases;

Interphase: 12 hours

Prophase: 4 hours and 30 minutes

Metaphase: 1 hour- 1 and a half hours

Anaphase: 1 hour – 1 and a half hours

Telophase: 40-45 minutes

Evidence: 

These were the results we calculated from the website that we first practiced on.

These results are the results we calculated from our own onion root tip cells.

Research:

There are five phases of mitosis (I.P.M.A.T.). The first of those is interphase. In this phase the there isn’t as much activity as the rest of the phases. The cell has recently duplicated and is preparing to copy itself again. After that phase comes prophase. In this phase everything condenses and begins to come together in the center. The next phase is metaphase. In this phase the condensed matter is attracted to the center of the cell where the spindle fibers are located. After this when the cell starts the next phase, anaphase, the spindle fibers spread that matter apart. The final phase is called telophase. This is the end of the cell cycle as the cell successfully divides into two cells.

Research:

In this lab we were able to justify our research and evidence because somewhere along the process we found and identified each of the phases of the cell cycle and counted how many of each one there was. In the end we calculated the percentage of amounts of each phase the cells were going through and we calculated the time it took for each phase and they correlated accordingly.

This blog is based around a 6 box organizer. In this organizer I gave a range of terms used in genetics and their definitions.

How do cells determine wether or not to divide?

When a cell is able to pass through the G1 it is able to divide.

Explain the mechanics of the cell cycle.

The cell cycle is best explained as a series of checkpoints, that a cell must pass through to able to divide and make more cells. This cycle is ran by both internal and external controls.

How does cancer develop?

Normal cells divide when necessary. Other cells develop the ability to divide excessively and those cells are told to die. However those cells are cancer cells and spread to the surrounding cells inside the tissue. Those cells can also enter the blood veins and travel and spread into other parts of the body.

What are the differences in roles between the proto-oncogenes and the tumor suppressors?

Proto-oncogenes help cells grow on the other hand tumor suppressors slow down the process of cell division.

How does cancer treatment work? Why aren’t they great for the body?

There are three types common treatments for cancer one of which is surgery the other two are chemotherapy and radiation. The first one they go to is surgery where they try and remove the tumor before it can spread anywhere else. Chemotherapy is giving large doses of types of chemotherapy treatment medicines through an IV for a period of time which kills the bad cells and unfortunately it kill some good cells too. Radiation is where the patient is exposed to radiation to try and shrink the tumor so it may be surgically removed after radiation.