Purpose: The purpose of this lab was to see what types of carbohydrates were in different types of food.

Procedure: We got some benedict’s and iodines solution and we began mixing them with different subjects.  We would take a few ounces of a mono, di, or polysaccharide and would wait and see how it reacted.  First we would pour the subject into either an iodine or benedict’s test tube and the place them into a heated container.  After 5 minutes of heating we would take out the test tube and observe and record our results. 

Claim: My group came to a conclusion that

Evidence: Here is a table of the different tests we ran on test subjects.

Research: A monosaccharide is one of the types. Polyhydrox aldehydes or ketones; that is, are molecules with more than one hydroxyl group, and a carbonyl group either at the terminal carbon atom or at the second carbon atom are examples of monosaccharides -honey, apples, and ice cream. Disaccharide means two, it is also any of a class of sugars whose molecules contain two monosaccharide residues, like milk. A polysaccharide means there is three and is a carbohydrate whose molecules consist of a number of sugar molecules bonded together such as; Starch, cellulose, or glycogen.

Reflection: After the tests and research my group and I finally concluded that di and polysaccharides have no reaction to Benedict’s ,but in iodine, Poly reacts and both mono and disaccharides have no change.

Purpose: The purpose of this experiment is to tell the difference between cohesion and adhesion.

Procedure: We ran three tests to learn about cohesion of water. Our first trial was dropping drops of water on the surface of a penny until it spilt off. In this test the highest amount was 47 drops on top of the penny because the cohesion of water is so great. We also ran this trial with vinegar and got much lower results (27 drops) because it is much less cohesive. The second test was to try and split a drop of water in half on a piece of wax paper. This was difficult because the drop of water would only move around the toothpick used to split it in half. It would not split because the atoms were bonded already. The third test was to dip a string in a glass of water and send the water through the string to a different glass. Over a short distance the test was not challenging but over a distance of 22 feet, our longest distance, was a great challenge (Adehesion).

Claims: Cohesion is water sticking to water. Adhesion is water sticking to something else.

Evidence:

Research:

We researched properties of water and found cohesion, surface tension, adhesion, and hydrogen bonds. Cohesion is when the water is sticking to water, which we found in all three of the labs. In lab one the water stuck together on the surface of the penny, the second lab the water stuck together and would not separate, and in lab three the water traveled down the string better when the string was wet. In lab one the water built up on top of the penny and it didn’t spill over the top because of surface tension.  When the water was poured water down the string it also stuck to the string and some traveled down and some was absorbed which ins considered adhesion. 

We thought that the water would travel down a dry string pretty easily, but we were wrong. We realized that water sticks to water also and when the string was wet it traveled down the string a lot easier. Something we could try is running every lab with alcohol to see if it makes a difference. Also instead of pouring the water down one string, we could wind 2-3 strings together and then pour it down it and see how fast or slow it travels along the string.

Reflection: When it comes to water cohesion is almost guaranteed to happen due to its state is basically fond to sticking together which also applies to water adhesion as well. They are both things we tested and confirmed.

My Colleagues 

William Tyler

Dax Bender

Marcos Alatorre

Pablo Martinez

Purpose: The purpose of this lab was to see how acidic liquids were compared to bases.

Procedure: We tested 4 different consumable antacids. We tried every antacid with a beaker filled with water and a separate one filled with vinegar. We ground up the solid antacids and poured the powder into the liquids. We also tested one liquid antacid which we simply poured into the water and vinegar. After stirring the antacids with the water and vinegar we dipped Ph strips in the mixtures to see if they were acidic or basic. We recorded our results on a chart.

Claims: The liquid antacid, Milk of Magnesia, worked best as it was a 10 on the Ph scale.

Evidence:

The graph above shows the Acid level of each product (1 being the most acidic and 14 being the most basic). The Tums extra strength worked the best out of the solid antacids and the Milk of Magnesia worked the best out of the liquid antacids and worked best overall.

Research: This project was based around the pH scale. The pH scale determines how acidic a substance is or how basic it it is. The acidic side of the scale is 1-7 and the basic side is from 7-14. The more acidic a substance is the more dangerous it is and the more basic it is it is more likely to cancel out an acidic substance.

Reflection: The liquid, name brand, antacids seemed to work better when trying to cancel out an acidic substance more than likely because it’s also a liquid and it can spread itself throughout the acid better than a solid antacid could dissolve throughout the acid.